The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) rule for certification of engineers, as required by the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008, was issued to ensure that only those persons who meet minimum Federal safety standards serve as locomotive engineers, to reduce the rate and number of accidents and incidents, and to improve railroad safety. Railroad engineers must be at least twenty-one years old and possess a high school diploma or its equivalent. Physically,
they must have sharp vision and hearing and possess good hand-eye coordination. Railroad engineers are usually mechanically minded with sound judgment and high levels of physical stamina, as train engineer jobs can be physically challenging.
Before qualifying as an engineer, candidates are required to hold the position of train conductor for a minimum of one year. Previously licensed engineers are exempt from this requirement. Railroad engineers must complete formal training programs and receive on-the-job instruction. Formal training includes classroom and hands-on instruction. Engineers study the technology and equipment used on the job. They also learn to operate trains in a variety of conditions and to follow general safety practices. Federal regulations require that all railroad engineers be licensed. To obtain licensure, engineers must complete a formal training program that includes both train engineer school instruction and hands-on experience. Railroad engineers must also pass a hearing and vision test and submit to a background check as well as submit to mandatory drug testing. Additionally, they must pass an exam that tests operational knowledge, technical skill, and the
ability to demonstrate appropriate conduct. Railroad engineers must pass periodic, unannounced operational tests to remain licensed. These tests require engineers to show proficiency in certain situations, which may include demonstrations of speed maintenance or signal compliance.